Microcam -- Another big list of projections (plots only, no equations)
Savard -- Great set of descriptions
Wolfram -- Mathworld reference
Progonos -- Deducing projections
Geocart -- GeoCart's comprehensive list of projections
A projection is a way of drawing the globe on a flat surface such as paper or a computer screen. Each type of projection tends to be useful for different things -- one format will display distances accurately, another format will show the shortest line between two points, while a third format will show areas without distortion
Computer maps have the advantage that a map can always be created for your current position, whereas paper maps tend to favour certain areas. See some of the links on this page for pictures, examples, and the equations you need to create these maps